Dishwasher contrarotary; solution recirculation means and attachments



May 29, 1956 F. c CERO 2,747,589 DISHWASHER, CONTRAROTARY SOLUTION RECIRCULATION MEANS AND ATTACHMENTS Filed Jan. 15. 1952 2 sheets-sheet 1 (Illlllllllll I N VEN TOR.

lBY

F. clcERo 2,747,589 DISHWASHER, CONTRAROTARY SOLUTION RECIRCULATION `May 29, 1956 MEANS AND ATTACHMENTS '2 Shee'cs--Shee'fI 2 Filed Jan. 15. 1952 omecnou of oT Tnm E T Am L T UA C Rw l Y cm E Rw Z M DRAIN INVENTOR.

United Statesv uPatent Ofiice;

DISHWASHER CONTRAROTARY; SOLUTION RE- CIRCULATION MEANS AND A'ITACHMENTS p Frank Qicero, Los Angeles, Calif. Application January 1952, Serial No. 266,522 32 Claims. (Cl. 134-96) My invention relates generally to mechanical washing machines and is concerned more particularly with a machine for-washing dishes and is designed to be manually operated, power driven and adaptable to automatic operation. Specifically, the invention pertains to an improved dish washing machine of the general type disclosed in my pending application for patent, Serial No. 117,544, led September 24, 1949, now abandoned, the present application being a continuation-in-part of said prior application.

It is a general object of my invention to provide a dishwashing machine which is relatively simple in construction, durable in use and highly eliicient in thoroughly washing tableware, silverware, glass tumblers, etc. by using minimum amounts of detergents, water and power.

Another object is to provide -a dish washer which may be regarded as one of a contra-revolving or dual rotary type, the machine including a tub or receptacle for containing the articles to be washed and the water and the dishwashing or soapy compound or detergent liquid or washing solution and a basket or wire support or carrier on which the dishes and other articles are held, the re-v ceptacle and carrier being horizontally revolvable simultaneously in opposite directions during the washing operation. By this provision, the dishes and other articles carried by the basket may be caused to agitate and scoop up the liquids whirling oppositely in the bottom of the tub regardless of the direction of rotation, of the basket so that both sides of the dishes are fully subjected to the washing action. A related object is to provide a carrier or wire support having upper resilient arm portions and co-ordinating means making possible for the dishes, set upright, to Lncline in a direction opposite to the dual rotation of the carrier, the arms being U-shaped and radiating from a tubular hub of the carrier.

Another object is to provide a dish washer of the type indicated in which the tub may be revolved or operated either manually, by means of a suitable operating knob thereon, or by a reversible electric motor connected to rotate a gear operatively connected to the tub at the axis thereof. A related object is to provide gear means for transmitting rotation from the tub to the basket to revolve the latter in reverse direction. This gear transmission means includes a stationary post or support extending upwardly through a tubular hub of the receptacle and provided with an anti-friction bearing, a ring gear secured within the tubular hub and vresting upon the bearing to adapt the receptacle to revolve relative to the post, a second ring gear connected within the hub-like central portion of the carrier and positioned above the first-mentioned ring gear, and a plurality of pinions rotatable on axles projecting radially from the stationary post and meshing with both gears, therebetween. By this means, rotation of .the receptacle vin either direction is communicated to the carrier through the medium of the pinions which function to also rotate the carrier in a direction opposite to that of the tub. If the receptacle is oseillated, the carrier is likewise oseillated, but in opposite directions.

Vway of the standpipe.

Patented May 29,- 1956 and receptacle may be readily assembled and disassembled from the base of the machine without requiring tightening or loosening of screws, nuts or other elements. Moreover, by this particular arrangement of partsthe carrier merely rests upon the pinions and thus, in the event that the carrier shouldmeet with an obstruction in the bottom of the receptacle, it is free to raise and pass over theobstacle'. A related object of the invention is to introduce an improved and substitutive gear transmission means, this includes the aforesaid arrangement but specifically having the ring gears and the pinions respectively of the helical at type and of the helical cylindric type, both being adpatable to support down and radial thrust while requiring simpler relative assemblage and less driving power. n

Another object is to provide a novel and ingenious means for introducing clear, hot water and washing compound into the receptacle, this means including a stationary standpipe having therein a smaller, coaxial tube, the standpipe being connected to a means for forcing the washing compound into the tub through a removable multi-directional perforated cap or spray nozzle or spray head of the standpipe, and the tube being connected to a source of hot and cold water to deliver the same to the interior of the receptacle through said cap, the annular space between the standpipe and the tube normally being closed by a diaphragm. By this construction, clear, hot water, or soapy compound, may be selectively introduced into the receptacle at any time at the discretion of the operator. Another object is to provide an alternative and substitutive carrier or basket, comprising a tubular hub portion from which radiate tangential U-shaped arms in between which the dishes are set inclined, these arms preferably having upper non-resilient portions. Although. only one side of the dishes may be subjected to the fullest washing action by the use of this basket, it will serve thtr purpose satisfactorilyvsince there is yet hot water and dishwashing compound available to spray through the nozzle forcibly against both surfaces of the moving dishes, the carrier'being revolvable in both directions.

A further object is to provide means for forcing dish washing compound or detergent intothe receptacle, by In one of its forms, this injecting means comprises acylinderfor containing a supply of the compound and having an outlet connected to the standpipe, and a hollow or tubular piston Aor plunger slidable in the cylinder for forcingthe uid therefrom into the standpipe. In this form of the injecting means, the piston is preferably actuated by uid pressure readily supplied through the same cold water line connecting said tube coaxial to the standpipe. Spring means is provided for returning the piston to first position and a suitable drain pipe serves to discharge the negligible quantity of injectedl water to allow such return movement of the piston. In another form of the injecting means, a` collapsible or resilient container or reservoir is disposed within a suitable casing and is adapted to contain the washing compound, said container being connected to the standpipe. The casing is connected to the cold water line and thus when water is introduced into the casing beneath the container the lluid pressure acts to collapse or squeeze the latter and thereby force the compound therefrom and into the tub, by way of the standpipe.

Another important object is to provide means for returning the reusable soapy compound or solution from the tub to the supply cylinder or to the collapsible container. This means comprises a stabile circular receiver having a partition dividing the. same into an outer annular trough and an inner annular trough. a spout at the bottom of the tube serves to direct the solution from the tub into the outer trough. A return pipe, connected valve within the-retur pipe allows such return ow of the solution butcloses, when subjected to pressure within said' pipe, so as to prevent ow of the ysolution from the cylinder b ack into said outer trough when the inject- 4ing piston is actuated.'

A further object is to provide means for draining the washing agents and sediments from the tub upon completion of or during the washing operation.l This means includes another spout'connected to thebottomof the tub, over the inner annulartrough, for directing the liquids and sediments thereinto, a drain tube being connected to this trough for directing them out to waste.

A further object is to provide valves for controlling the return ow of the solution to the cylinder and for effecting drainage of the tub, these valves being disposed within the spouts `and adapted to be opened and closed in response to rotation ofthe tub in either direction. In the present machine, -an outer casing encloses the mechanism disposed beneath the tub and the means for operating the valves is mounted on this casing, said means including two circular tracks along which travel rollers carried by valve-actuating arms pivoted adjacent the spouts and connected to the valves. 'Ihe tracks are provided each with' a pair of switch plates operable by control handles or knobs located at the exterior of the casing, these switches serving to transfer the rollers from below a track to up on the same, and vice versa, while the tub revolves in either direction. Vertical movements of the rollers causes the valve actuating arms to pivot so'as to open and close the return or recirculation valve and the drain valve of the tub, as controlled by the operator.

A Still further object is .to provide a desirable means for thoroughly' and expediently cleaning glass tumblers and Fig. l2 is of Fig. l.

Referring to the drawings in detail, my improved dish.

washing machine includes a large tubular casing having a base llang'e 16 for supporting the various parts of the machine. Secured to the ange are radial bars 17 which support a vertical tubular post or support 18 about which the tub or receptacle 20 revolves. Welded or otherwise secured to the periphery of the post 18 is the lower race of a ball or roller bearing 21. A at ring gearZZ, having helical teeth radiating horizontally from the periphery of said post, rests upon or is secured to the upper raceof this bearing and is secured to the upper endof the hug portion 23 of the tub 20. The tub also has an anr nular bottom portion 24 andan outer circular wall 25, the upper end of which is provided with an annular ledge 26.' The open top of the receptacle 20 is normally closed Y by means of a lid or cover 30 which is shown as pivoted to the upper rim portion of the tub by means of a suitable hinge 31 but which may be pivoted to the casing l5,` if desired. It will be apparent from the foregoing that the tub 20 is freely rotatable on the anti-friction bearing 2l similar articles and of various size. This means, which is a second nozzle or cap and an attachment in the present machine, consists of an expansive tension spring, extendedout coaxially from within a tubular member that provides a suitable annular space around said spring, .and of a-bristly and resilient vcloth cap suitably encasingvthe spring 'and closing the annular space, said tubular element Fig. 1 is a central, vertical, sectional viewthrough my improved dish washing machine;

Fig. 2 is a sectional'plan view, taken on line II--II of Fig. 1; and shows in cut sections the radial arms of one of the two carriers; while Fig. 2 shows the tangental arms of the other carrier;

Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are sectional views, taken respectively on lines III-III, IV-IV, V-V, of Fig. l; Fig. 4 being reduced. y

Fig. 6 is a sectional view, taken on line VI-VI of Fig. 3; Y

Fig. 7 is a vertical sectional view, taken on a line as VII-VII of Fig. l;

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary front view of the valve control means;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the upper end of the standpipe, showing the' device applied to use for washing glass tumblers;

the machine;

Fig. ll is a sectional-elevation view of the alternative recirculation .container for washing solution.

and to effect manual rotation, the cover 30 is provided with a knob 32 adapted to be grasped in a hand of the operator for this purpose. A pin 33 carried by the cover enters a hole in the .ledge 26 to key the cover and tub for simultaneous rotation.

A basket or carrier 35 is disposed within the receptacle 20 for supporting dishes and other articles to be washed.

The carrier includes a tubular hub 36 and U-shaped arm elements or wire arms 37 connected to and radiating from the hub, preferably at an angle slightly less than ninety degrees. Secured to the upper ends of the outer vertical portions of the arms 37 is a ring 38 which forms the outer upper rim of the carrier'. Similar rings 39,-40, 41 secured to the bottom and outer side portions of the carrier provide-support for the articles to be washed. Tov obtain a suitable construction I provide three elongated apertures along the upper end of said tubular hub 36, that is, these apertures are suitably below and parallel to the upper rim of the hub. A gurative length of said apertures is shown by 43,.in Fig. 2 and in Fig. l2. I also provide three prongs 44, having a portion slidable circularly within the upper end of said tubular hub and contiguous thereto, and having a stud xed or welded to said slidable portion, said stud being slidable through said elongated apertures, which provide a track for the studs. The non-'slidable upper portions of. said prongs 44 for the are bent outwardly and are thus enclosed by welding a tubular ring 46 at the ends thereof to make this ring free to move circularly back and forth, this motion being limited by the elongation of said elongated apertures.

To place the dishes in upright position, or nearly so, light springs 48 are stretched to be resilient between the outer rim of the carrier and the tubular ring 46 in overlying relation to said lower radial portions. Said springs or a portion thereof may also be removable or vslidable at either end, or both. Similar springs 49 may extend between the springs 48 and the rings 39 andv40. By adding a ring 47 supported by and spaced outwardly from the hub 36 to beneath the ring 46, compartments are provided wherein silverware and similar articles may be placed upright. Other compartments may also be provided within the carrier. A

Without limiting this invention to any particular size or form of the machine, I wish tov note that the machine is preferably built in approximately twenty-live inches in diameter, with its carrier preferably comprising twentyfour arms,vand that it will satisfactorily wash up to twenty-four large dishes and that many more small onesv an enlarged view .taken on line XII-XIIj these axles being screwed into threaded holes in a tubular ring 54 fitted to the upper end of the post, see Figs. l, 3 and 6, and preferably removably secured to the post.

Rotatable on the radially extending axles 53.are, inter- .35 connected therewith, in a. direction opposite to that of the tub. It' is also within the concept of my invention to employ ring gears and intermediate pinions of the bevelled, helical or straighttooth types.

VMeans are provided for introducing clean water and solution into the tub 20, this means being arranged as best shown in Figs. .1 and 5. Extending through the vertical post 18 is a tube or standpipe 60 having a lower end wall and an open upper end, which is closed by means of a spray nozzle or spray head consisting of an elongated cap 61 provided with multi-directional perforations in its tubular wall. When solution is forced upwardly in the standpipe it discharges through the perforations into the tub upon the rarticles to be washed. A conical resilient covering 62 surrounds the standpipe beneath the cap 61 and overlies the gear transmission means to protect it against the liquids; the upper inner edge of the ring gear 57 preferably having an annular lip 63 to prevent inward leakage of the liquids. Said yieldable covering thus is also adaptable to absorb exigent shocks electible by said carrier in case of obstruction, such as an object dropped in the bottom of the tub.

The lower end of the standpipe 60 is provided with a lateral branch pipe 64 which is connected to one end of a recirculation cylinder 65 which may be used also as a supply tank. As shown, this cylinder has a reservoir portion 66 of relatively large diameter and an extendedv end portion 67 of smaller diameter and coaxial to the reservoir portion66, the end of the portion 66 being closed by a removable end plate 68 provided with a breathing hole. vSlidable in the cylinder is a hollow piston 69 having a plate-like head or ange 70 provided with sealing means 71 and a long tubular portion 72 having an inner closed'end, which is mounted to be slidable also within end portion 67 in a manner to allow the liquid therein to escape into reservoir portion 66 during the operation. The portion-72 surrounds and is slidable along a tube 73 which is screwed or welded in an axial hole in the end plate 68 .and-at the other end, which is open, is provided with a sealing 74. Also secured to said hole, exteriorly of the end plate is a manually operable valve 75 which may be of any suitable type. AA T joint 76 is joined to the valve 75 and to another valve 77 and may be connected to a cold water supply line f the house or establishment. Assuming that there is liquid dishwashing compound or solution in the cylinder, when water under pressure is introduced-into the tube 73, and thus into the tubular portion 72 of the piston 69, the latter is forced toward the left as viewed in Figs. 1 and 5 to force solution from within the cylinder upwardly into the standpipe 60 by way of the pipe 64. When the water pressure is discontinued, as by closing the valve 75, a tension spring 80, not showniin Fig. l and shown in Fig. 5, connected between the inner end of the tubular portion of the piston, and therewithin, and the end plate or thereabout, acts to return the piston to first position. During this action, the water used for the actuation is cleared from the interior of the piston and of the tube through a discharge pipe 8l, connected to a drain pipe 82, to be later deby way Vof the standpipe 60.- Thebranch pipe 83 of the lower end of a tube 84 is held or welded in the lower end of the standpipe,- the two being coaxial. 'Ihe branch 83 communicates with a branch pipe 85, which is connected to the valve 77, and 'communicates with a hot water supply line 86 which may be connected to the supply of hot water of the house and provided with a valve adjacent the valves 75 and 77 for an easier operation. By this arrangement it is possible to inject hot and cold water in the tube 84 expediently. The upper end of the tube 84, which is located below the cap 61, carries a resilient washer or baille 87 which normallyv engages the scribed. Pipe8l must have a much smaller passage of 4 supplied, into the cylinder 65 and is returned to the tub interior wall of the standpipe 60 to preventthe water 7 passing upwardly through the-tube 84 into the cap-6l" yields to permit such iiow; said baie being supported` preferably by an incision on said tube. The tubular hub portion 23 of the tub 20 is provided with a plurality of overilow holes 88 throughvwhich excess liquids in the bottom of the tub can tlow outwardly to maintain them at a pre-determined level within the tub. The exterior bottom of the tub beneath the hub may be provided with an annular lip 89 to guide said overow into the inner section of the member 91, to be next described.

Supported byY legs 90 which are secured to the llange 16 is a stabile pan-like annular member'91 which has a central tubular portion 92 extended up to lwithin the hub 23 at a point above the overiiow holes. The member 91 also has a bottom-wall 93 and an upstanding peripheral rim 94. A circular partition 95 divides concentrcally the member 91 into an inner, annular waste drain trough 96 and an outer, annular solution return trough 97. The drain pipe 82 is connected to the bottom of the trough 96, which is adapted to receive the liquids to be drained from the tub 20, said liquids discharging from the tub through a spout 98 and through the over. llow holes 88. A valve element 100 is adapted to engage a seat within the spout 98 to normaly close the latter and thus retain the liquids within the tub, the valve element being carried by an arm 101 vertically pivoted, by the aid of any suitable means, to the spout at 102, said spout being provided with an aperture to allow the vertical motion of said arm. Another spout 105 is aligned with and adapted to convey reusable solution from the tub into the trough 97, a suitable valve element 106 being-provided for controllingthis ilow.

The'element 106 is carried by an arm 108 pivoted at 109.

Baliles 110 and 111 are provided within the tub on its bottom for directing the liquids into the spouts and also for deviating said liquids upwardly during the operation. Additional similar baflles may be provided. The bottom wall of the tub may be perforated as indicated at 12- for straining sediments from the solution owing' from the tub and, to aid the percolation of said solution into the spout, it is wise to secure a brush on the bottom of the carrier in a manner that it will keep the bottom of the tub clear of sediments during operation at a radius over said perforations. Similar brushes may be provided wherever desired.

A casing 113 of a check valve is secured to an aperture at the bottom of the trough 97 and in fluid communication with a pipe 114, this being connected to the interior of the cylinder 65 for conveying the solution from the tub to the recirculating cylinder 65. Said valve As. shown in Fig. l, the disc 115 normally rests, or is supported by pins provided within a tubular member nasse 11S to close'it and close, therefore, the pipe 114, as explained above. The liquid first ows in through said central hole and out through the smaller adjacent holes and then into the pipe 114 through the holes on the ared rim. So constructed this valve gives perfect and perennial performance.

The valves -100 and 106 are actuated by tilting the lower gear 22 or to the hub 23, or to both. At its lower end, 'the driving elements carries a bevel gear 146 which may be rotated by any suitable prime mover, such as` the pinion 147 of the reversible electric motor 148, shown in Fig. l0, which may easily be mounted within the casing 15, below the tub'. A suitable bearing 149 continguous the y post and the element 145 may be provided.

The operation of my improved dish washing machine should be apparent from theA foregoing description and' for this reason only a brief outline of the operation will now be given. To prepare the machine for washing, the

articles are placed within the basket or holder 35, after which the cover 30 is closed. By connecting the pipe 86 respective arms 101 and 108, such tilting action being v effected mainly by means of two circular tracks 120 and 121, provided on the interior of the casing 15 and exl tending therearound. The outer end of the arm 101 has a roller 125 which normally ismaintained and travels below the lower track 121, by means of a flat steel spring 126 that forces the arm downwardly to retain the valve 100 closed. The roller 125 is, however, caused to be raised onto the top of the lower track 121 to tilt the arm 101 in a direction to open the valve 100. This action is accomplished by means of switch plates 1 28 and 129 which, as shown in Fig. 7, are pivoted on the track 121 and normally held in the plane thereof by the aid of at steel springs 130 provided beneath the track to engage said plates, or by the aid of similar means provided on the outer-surface of the casing 15 to keep horizontal the knobs or handles 133 and 134, Fig. 8, and the relative switch plates 128 and 129. The pivot pins 132 carrying the switch plates extend through the casing and have the knobs connectedto their outer ends. When either of the handles 133 and 134 is pivoted downwardly, as indicated by the curved arrows, the switch plate 128 or 129, as the case may be, is tilted downwardly, thus providing an inclined ramp along which the roller 125 is caused to roll upwardly onto the top of the track 121 when the tub is revolving in either direction. As indicated by the horizontal arrows in Fig. 8, when the tub is revolving toward the right the handle 133 is operated and when rotation of the tub is toward the left, the handle 134 is operated. Thus, by shifting the roller from vbelow the track 121 upwardly onto the `top, of the same, the arm 101 is pivoted to open the drain valve '100. To again close the valve 100, the handle 133 or 134, depending upon'the direction of rotation of the tub, is pivoted downwardly, contrary to as explained above for opening the valve, to cause the switch plate 128 to 129 to act as a ramp along which the roller 125 rolls downwardly below the track 121 to close the valve 100. Should the operator pivot the wrong knob, a click caused by the-roller would serve as a quick notice. The operator should let vthe washer make a complete rotation before let go of the knob, which automatically returns to rst position,

Another roller 136 at the end of the arm 108 normally is maintained and travels below the track 120 to keep the detergents valve 106 closed. However, the'roller 136 is adapted to be rasedonto the top of the track 120 by either of two switch plates 137 and 138, the pivot pins 132 carrying the plates and handles 140 and 141, Fig. 8. By operating these handles, the switch plates may be tilted tocause the rollerto ride up onto the top of track 120 and to allow return of the roller to below the same, so as to open and close the valve 106.

While the tub or receptacle 20 may be rotated manually by means of the knob 32, it is withinv the concept of this invention top rovide means for power-operating the washer. As shown in Fig. l, a tubular driving element or shaft 145 may be located between the post 18 and to the supply of clean, hot water, this is caused to ow upwardly through the tube 84 and the cap 61, thence into the tub v20 through the multi-directional perforations in the cap. The hot water, whichthus is sprayed against the articles, produces a rinsing or pre-washing operation. At this stage the valve 106 remains closed and the valve may be kept open while the Awasher should be oscillated. Should an excessive amount of liquids be present at any time-in the tub, the excess will drain out through the overliow holes 88 into the trough 96 and thence to waste.

The tub 20 is revolved, either manually or byA power applied by the motor 148. As the tub and carrier are revolved oontrarily to each other, the liquid on the bottom of the tub is swirled in one direction while the articles in the carrier are moved in the opposite direction to cause their lower portions to scoop up the agitated liquid. By rotating the tub first in one direction and then in the opposite, both sides of the articles are eventually thoroughly washed. This being accomplished as follows. The carrier, having resilient upper arm portions connected to the circularly oscillatablc ring 46 and this oscillation being equi-limited in both directions within. the width of the elongated apertures on the hub 36, the dishes being vertically placed through the resilient portions of the arms and resting on the rings 39 and 40 and said dishes thus having the lower portion of the rims'extended beneath said rings 39 and 40 and so being barred from sliding motion'by the adjacent arms, but being conformingly free to slide radially to the axis of the carrier. When the carrier is revolved relatively fast in either direction, the lateral force, that is the impact of the air, effected upon the plane of the dishes will cause them to fall or incline to the opposite direction, since only the upper portions of the carrier are resilient and the lower portion of the rim of the dishes is properly locked. The center section or portion of Fig. 2 shows the radial resilient arms 48 in a tangential position as if they were forced by the lateral forceof the dishes in rotation. Moreover, this inclination of the dishes and the respective radial slide will function to oscillate the tubular ring 46 also in the opposite directionof the rotation of the carrier, thus to suitably swing the resilient portions of the arms in a position tangent, or nearly so, to the periphery of said ring 46; this motion conforming with the said radial slide of the dishes, the resilient portion of the arms providing the stretch required for the inclination of the dishes. And so is obtained the required dual radial inclination for a very desirablel performance of a machine of the type indicated. The washto build up water pressure which causes the solution to,

move from within the cylinder upwardly through theV 'standpipe 60 and thence upon the dishes and other articles therein. After the main operation, the operator may cause the solutionto return to the cylinder by simplyv operating the appropriate control knob 140 or 141, the

-particular one depending upon the direction of rotation of the tub. This knob causes one of the switch plates 137 or 138 to pivot downwardly so as to provide a ramp along which the roller 136 of the valve arm 108 travels to tilt the arm and open the valvev 106. After the finalv rinsing operation, with clear, hot water, and this being drainedout by'operating either of the knobs 133 or 134 in thesame manner as for the other knobs, the lid of the tub should be left open to allowV the articles just washe'd to dry up while the washer should be kept revolving. j 1

My dish washing machine, however, may be operated y in any selected sequence, at the discretion of the operator. That is, any desired number of washing and rinsing operations may be performed in any desired order and this is an important consideration since the numberand duration of such steps depends largely upon the condition of the dishes and other articles pior to washing. i A very important feature resides i-n the means by which the washing solution may be re-used as often as desired,` the invention providing simple and eicient means for recirculating the solution to and from the tub, and for storing it in the supply cylinder for laten use. Moreover, by arranging the supporting means of -the carrier so that they hold the dishes inclinable to either direction,.an improved washing action is produced and the articles are thoroughly cleaned. Since it is within the concept of this invention to provide the machine with an alternative and substitutive carrier or basket, l believe a related brief description` is suicient 'because this carrier has the same general construction of the one 3.5 already described, However, it does differ in what. follows`and has the lower or bottom portions of the U shaped arms 37 radiating tangentally, or nearly so, from' tubular hub 36 and are visible in Fig. 2a only in between the hub 36 and the ring 47 as indicated by 37. The 40 upper portions of the arms 48' are also radiating tangentally, or nearly so, from a ring 47' which is same as the ring 47 and is secured to the upper endof the tubular hub 36 and thus replacing the slidable ring 46, the lower and lateral portions of the arms, the ring and the tubular hub being compact. The upper portions. of the arms, A or a number of them, are preferably slidable or detachable.

My invention also contemplates means for brushing and rinsing glasses, cups, etc. Referring to Fig. 9, this 50 means, which is the second nozzle previously mentioned, consists of a compression or tension spring 165, having a long socal1ed music wire spring 166 surrounding its coils, extended upright from within a large tubular member 167 coaxially thereof. Said large member has a 55 turned-in portion on one end, or bottom, to form a shoulder 168 and thence is carried outwardly by a small tubular member 169, wherein the spring 165 may be secured, said` member 169 being adaptable on or over the top of the standpipe after removing the perforated 60 cap therefrom. Thus, said large member is adaptable 'to be in uid communication with said standpipe and it hem 170, at the other end, whereat is provided with several small holes or apertures 171 preferably of dual dirje'ction adaptable to direct liquids, trapped within said hem, respectively toward the periphery of the expansive v'far enough to allow the top of the be controlled by a suitable timing device.

outside of a glass 173, held by hand for motion over the spring 165, and apically over this spring to also prosewed tightly to said horizontal holes 174, so preventing any amassed escape of uid from within. Said cap is sewed also on' the 'spring 165 at a point intermediate the 5 endsof the member 167 and a space is provided in between the reversed portion 176 and the shoulder 168 in order that deeper glass may freely be pushed down in capped spring to abut on the bottom of said glass. t

Moreover, the music wire spring 166, wound through the .c oils of the spring 165 provides a soft and expansive peripheral wall; the increase of the water pressure will cause also further expansion of the cap. This fact makes possible to'V scrub thoroughly alsothe inside of larger glasses or cups by the use of this single device. And,

of course, it is not to disregard the fact that the outer rounded by the uid emanating teasels or bristles of the reversed portion of the cap. v v

lReferring to Fig. 11 my invention further contemplates an alternative means for injectingthe waging solution into' the tub 20. This means includes a ousing 152 preferably slightly conical, with the large base at the bottom, having an inlet port 153 which is connected to the cold water valve 75 by means of a pipe 154 which is provided with a discharge pipe, -same as the -discharge pipe 81 for the cylinder 65, however, not shown in Fig. ll. Arranged within the housing is a bag-like collapsible, or resilient container provided with two mouths 156 and 157. The mouth 156 is connected to the lower 'end of a pipe 158 by means of a clamp ring 159, said pipe leading to the trough 97 and taking plac'e of the pipe 114. The other mouth 157 is connected to the lower end of a pipe 160 by means. of a clamp ring 161 said pipe extending to the standpipe 60 and taking place of the pipe 64.

Assuming -that there is washing solution within-the container 155, to inject this solution into'the tub 20, by way of the standpipe, pressureor water under pressure is introduced into the housing 152 and this acts to compress the container. Thus, the washing solution is displaced, through the pipe 160 into the standpipe. At this time, the check valve of the. pipe 114 remains closed as previously explained. To` return the solution to the container for recirculation, theA valve 106l is opened to allow tlow of the solutionY from the tub 20 into the trough 97, wherefrom it ows into the container by way of the line 158. Assuming that one wants to displace only a portion of said solution, then that is simply done by shutting olf the pressure or control valve.

The washing machine as above described may be regarded as one of a manual type. However the structure disclosed lends itself to fully automatic operation. For example, the tub and carrier or basket may be power driven first in one direction and then in the opposite one and the duration of rotation in either direction may such a timing device will open and close the valves and control the injection of the clear water in a predetermined order to perform the desired operation. It can yet control the opening of the lid 30 and the keeping on the rotation until the washed dishes will quickly dry up and cool olf, said lid being pivoted to the casing 15, if desired.

While I have herein shown my washing machine as Preferably 1.' A machine of the type referred to, including: a

rotatable tub for containing liquids, a driving connection Y for said tub being mounted coaxially thereto on a tubular support and said tub having an upwardly extended tubular hub surrounding said support; inlet means mounted through said tubular support and adaptable to inject' jliquid into the tub during and ot rotation; a spout and valve thereof connected to the bottom of the tub adjacent the hub and adaptable to eject the drainage from within the tub during and olf its'rotation; and a stabile annular receiver mounted below and vertically aligned with said spout for disposing of said drainage during and oit said rotation. v

2. A machine as defined in claim l and including: a standpipe surrounding said inlet means and through which washing solution may ilow; uid pressure actuated means for forcing the solution through the standpipe; a second spout and valve adaptable to eject the solution from within the tub during and otf its rotation; and a second receiver mounted .contiguous to said drainage receiver for disposing of the solution owing from the tub into said pressure-actuated means, thus to make possible a recirculation of the solution.

3. A machine of the type referred to including: a rotatable tub for containing liquids, a driving connection for said tub being mounted coaxially'thereto on a tubular support and said tub having an upwardly extended tubular hub surrounding said support; a spout and a valve thereof connected to the bottom of the tub adjacent' the hub and adaptable to eject the drainage from within the tub during and off ,its rotation; and a stabile annular receiver,

mounted below and vertically aligned with said spout for disposing of said drainage during and olf said rotation.

4. A dish washing machine, including: a tub mounted for horizontal rotation in either direction; a. carrier rotatable coaxially within the tub and adapted to support articles to be washed; an upright post; and a driving connection between said tub and said carrier by which rotation of the tub in either direction effects simultaneous rotation of the carrier in a direction opposite to that of the hub, said driving connection comprising-an antifriction bearing surrounding said-post and secured there- I- to, a rst ring gear carried by said ,tub coaxially thereof and supported by said bearing, a second ring gear carried by said carriercoaxially of said rst ring gear, a plurality of axle pins each having a threaded portion screwed into a Athreaded hole in said ring,l a flattened end disposed in a said slot and an enlargement at its -other end, said pins projecting radially from the post; and a plurality of pinions rotatable on said pins, said pinions being disposed between said ring gears and meshing therewith.

7. A dish washing machine, including: a tub mounted for horizontal rotation in either direction; a carrier rotatable coaxially within the tub and adapted vto support articles to be washed; and a driving connection between Asaid tub and said carrier by which rotation of the tub in either direction effects simultaneous rotation of the `carrier in a direction vopposite to that ofthe tub, said driving connection comprising a rotary support, a first ring gear carried by said tub coaxially thereof and resting upon said support, a second ring gear carried by said carrier coaxially of said lirst ring gear, and a plurality of pinions rotatable on lxed axles extending radially from the axis of rotation of said ring gears, said pinions being disposed between and meshing with the ring gears; rotation of said rst ringgear being transmitted by said pinions to said second ring gear to cause the latter to rotate in the direction opposite to that of the tirst ring` gear. Y

, 8. A machine as defined in claim 7 and including: a

' tubular shaft secured rotatively with. said tub and coaxial thereof, said shaft surrounding said rotary support; a ring gear on the lower. end of said shaft; and a prime mover having a pinion meshing with said gear, operation of said prime mover electing rotation of said tub.

9. A machine as defined in claim 7 in which said carrier, being adaptable to swing the dishes therein in dual radial inclination, comprises: a vertical tubular hub supported by said second ring gear and depending within said tub; a ring carried by the upper end of said hub and there-at circularly. oscillatable, said -ring having strut means connected to the hub and track means being provided on the hub for .the strut means; arm members'having horizontal portions projecting radially from the lower end of said hub and having vertical portions upwardly at their outer ends; rings joining all of said horizontal and said vertical portions and a number of them serving of axle pins carried by and projecting radially from said post, and a pinion rotatable on each of said pins and disposed between said ring gears'and meshing therewith.

5. A machine as defined in claim 4 in which said ring gears have flat teeth deviating helically from the center of the axis of rotation of said ring gears, and in which said pinions meshing with said ring gears have eylindric helical teeth of long vlead.

6. A dish washing machine, including: a tub mounted for horizontal rotation in either direction;,a carrier rotatable coaxally within the tub and adapted to support articles to be washed; a stabile upright post; and a driving connection between said tub and said carrier by which rotation of the tub in-either direction effects simultaneous rotation of the carrier in a direction opposite to that of the tub, said driving connection comprising atubular hub extending up from the bottom of said tub, a tubular hub extending up from the bottom of said carrier, an antifriction bearing surrounding said .post and secured thereto, a'first ring 'gear carried by said tub coaxally thereof and resting upon said bearing, a second ring gear carried by said carrier and coaxial with said first ring gear, aring slots provided in the upper end of said post, a plurality as supports for the dishes to be washed; resilient members connecting the upper end of said vertical portions' and said oscillatable ring in overlying relation to said radial portions, sid resilient members 'being adaptable to take a position tangental to the periphery of said oscillatable ring, this being adaptable to oscillate contrarily to the dual rotation of said carrier due to the lateral forcey or impact effected upon the plane of dishes placed in upright position in between said arms of said carrier during relatively fast rotation of thev latter.

l0. A machine as deined in claim 7 in which said carrier, being adaptable to swing the dishes in dual radial inclination, comprises: a vertical tubular hub supported by. said second ring gear and depending within said tub; a number of elongated apertures along the upper end of said hub; a ring surrounding coaxially said upper end of the hub, the former being of larger diameter than the latter, and having; a number of prongs with the end slidably secured through-said elongated apertures so that the ring may be circularly oscillated; arm members having horizontal portions projecting radially from the lower end of said hub and having vertical portions at their outer ends;rings joining said horizontal and said vertical portions and serving as supports for the articles to be washed; resilient members connecting the upper end of said vertical portions and the oscillatable ring in overlying relation to said radialtportions, said resilient members being adaptable to take a position tangental to the periphery of said oscillatable ring, this being adaptable to oscillate contrarily to the dual rotation of said carrier due to the lateral force or impact effected upon the plane of dishes placed in upright position in between said arms of said carrier during relatively fast rotation of the latter; and

a second ring iixed coaxally to the lower portion of said tubular hub for providing a further support for silverware that may be placed upright through the annular space provided between the hub and the surrounding rings.

11. A machine as dened in'claim 7 `and including means for introducing washing solution into said rotatable tub, said means comprising: a standpipe extending upwardly through said rotary support and through which the solution may flow; a multi-directional perforated cap detachably secured to the upper end of the standpipe; and fluid pressure actuated means for forcing the solu- 'tion upwardly, through said standpipe, to cause it to pass through the perforations of said cap.

12. A machine as defined in claim 7 and including means for introducing washing solution into said rotatable tub, said means including: a standpipe extending upwardly through a tubular member of said rotary support and through which the solution may ow; a multidirectional perforated cap detachably secured to the upper end of the standpipe; and fluid-actuated means for forcing the solution upwardly, through said standpipe, to cause it to pass through the perforations of said cap, said duid-actuated means comprising a cylinder for containing the solution and in uid communication with the interior of said standpipe; a uid-pressure-actuated hollow piston slidable in said cylinder and adapted, when slid in one direction, to force any quantity of the solution from the cylinder into said standpipe; spring means within said piston normally sliding the same in the opposite direction; and means for discharging said uid used for the actuation from within said piston.

13. A machine as defined in claim 7 in which said carrier comprises: a vertical, tubular hub carried by said second. ring gear and depending therefromV within said tub; U-shaped arm members, each having the ends projecting respectively from the top and from the bottom, of the tubular hub tangentally thereto and substantially la tub; and control means operative to.open and close said valve. A

17. A machine'a's defined in claim 15 in which said solution returning means includes a normally closed horizontally; and means connecting respectively the lower and the vertical or outer portions of the arms.

14. A machine as delined in claim 13 in which said connecting means partly comprise rings firmly resting on the bottom of the carrier and spaced intermediate its peripheries for supporting the dishes set upright between the upper and the lower portions of the arm members and for permitting the lower edge of the dishes to depend from the bottom of the carrier thus to scoop up the lowlevel surface of the liquid in the tub, beneath the carrier, during the rotation of the same.

15A machine as delined in claim 7 and including means for introducing washing solution into said tub,

said means including: a standpipe extending upwardly throughl a tubular member of said rotary support and through which the solution may ow; a multi-directional perforated cap detachably secured to the upper end of the standpipe; and uid-pressure-actuated means for forcing the solution upwardly, through said standpipe, to cause it to pass through the perforation of said cap, said uidactuated means comprising a cylinder for containing the solution and in iiuid communication with the interior of said standpipe; a tluid-pressure-actuated hollow piston slidable in said cylinder and adapted, when slid in one direction, to force any quantity of the solution from the cylinder into said standpipe; and spring means adaptable to slide automatically the piston in the opposite direction, ysaid machine further having means for returning said washing solution from the tube to said cylinder, said solution returning means includinga-spout at the bottom of the tub; an annular stabile trough adaptable to funnel said solution owing from said spout to within said cylinder; anda return pipe communicating with the interiors of saidtrough and of said cylinder.

16. A-machine as defined in claim l5 'in which said solution returning means also includes a normally closed valve in said spout for retaining the solution within the valve in said spout for retaining the solution within'the tub: and control means for said -valve operative in respouse to dual rotation of said tub for opening and closing said valve, said control means including an arm vertically pivoted adjacent said spout and carrying said valve on one end; a roller provided on the other end of said arm; a cylindrical casing that encloses all the machinery parts below said tub; a circular track below which said roller normally may travel, said trackl being provided by said casing; a pair of switch plates pivotable on said track and forming a portion thereof to serve as ramp to cause said roller to ride up on the track, in ,order to tilt said arm to pivot said valve open, and to'ride down to travel below said track in order to cause the closing of said valve; spring means aiding the pivoting of said arm and tending to hold said roller of said arm below said track, thus to keep said valve closed; handle means carrying said switch plates from the outside of said casing and by which said plates are pivotable, this pivoting causing the opening and closing of the valve, this being elected dependently of the direction of rotation of -said tub and of the vpivoting of the respective handle of said handle means; and spring means tending to holdfsaid switch plates and respective handles unpivoted. i

18. A machine as defined in claim 17 and including: a separate spout-at the bottom of the tub adaptable to drain Waste liquids; a separate stabile annularitrough surrounding said tubular member of said rotary support and being adaptable to funnel the waste liquids and overflow of the tub; and means duplicating said solution return control means adaptable to control said drainage of waste liquids.

19. A machine of the type referred to including: a tub having an inlet and an outlet through which washing 'solu- Water under pressure, mounted at the end opposite to.

said reduced portion and extended coaxial to and within the cylinder; a duid-actuated hollow piston having one open end provided with a relatively large ange, the piston enclosing and normally surrounding the tube and being adaptable to slide freely to and 'om said extendedl portion, while permitting movement of the solution therefrom, and being adapted when slid into said extendedV portion to force any quantity of the solution .from the cylinder into the tub; spring means secured within the tube and adaptable to move the piston to the idle or first position for making space in the cylinder available for reusable solution or a new supply ofA the same, sealing means within the piston and around the tube and means discharging pressure from within said piston being provided, the latter means comprising a discharge pipe connectel to the tube outwardly of the cylinder.

20.' Amachine of the type referred to comprising: a tub for containing liquids and articles; outlet means for said liquids; means for introducing washing solution into said tub, said means including: a standpipe through which the solution may ow; a multi-directional perforated cap detachably secured to the upper end of the standpipe; and uid-pressure-actuated means for forcing the solution upwardly through said standpipe to cause it to pass through L 2l. A machine of the type referred to, including: a rotatable tub having an inlet and an outlet through which washing solution can be respectively introduced into and discharged from the tub; a cylinder adapted to contain i a supply ofthe solution; a lirst uid line connected between the interior of said cylinder and said inlet of the tub; a second lluid line extending between said outlet of in the tub but adapted to be opened to allow discharge of the solution through said outlet.

22. A machine of the type referred to, including: a tub having an inlet and'an outlet'through which -wash- -ing solution can be respectively introduced into and discharged from the tub; a closed housing; an inlet for introducing uid under pressure into saidhousing and for discharging the same; a bag-like, collapsible receptacle adaptable to contain said solution; disposed within the housing and having an inlet neck and an outlet neck projecting from the housing; a first uid line extending be- 'tween said outlet neck and said inlet of said tub; a second uid line extending between said outlet of the tub and said inlet neck, pressure liuid introduced into said housl -by said tube and normally closing the annular space b'e- \ing collapsing said receptacle to force the washing solution through said first line into the tub, thesolution being adapted to return from said tub to said receptacle through 'said second line when said fluidpressure is relieved; Aand valve means being normally closed to retain the solution within the tub but adapted to be opened to allow discharge of the solution.through said second line.

23. A machine as defined in claim 22 in which said second iiuid line comprises an annular stabile trough adaptable to funnel the solution flowing from'said outlet ofthe tub tol the interior of said receptacle, this also being stabile and said tub being rotatable; and a checkvalve allowing flow of the solution from said trough into said receptacle and preventing back ow o'f said solution into said trough.

24. A machine of the" type referred to, including: a

rotatable tub having an inlet and an outlet through which p washing solution can be respectively introduced into and Y t --16 upwardly through said said standpipe for directing clear water into said nozzle means; a yieldable batlie carried by said tube and normally closing the annular space between the tube and the standpipe to prevent said compressed water from ilowing downwardly through the standpipe, said baic liexing to allow tiow of the solution upwardly through the standpipe; a washer-like means to hold'in place said tube and to support said balile; this means permitting tiow of the solution adjacently the innerv wall of said st andpipe; and a covering secured beneath said noule means toprotect said gear drive and to be adaptable to4 absorb exigent shocks.

26. A machine of the type referred to comprising: a receptacle for liquids and articles to be washed; a pipe extending into said receptacle; a nozzle means provided at the end of said pipe, thus being effectual of back-pressure therein; means for forcing washing solution through said pipe into the receptacle by way of said nozzle means; a tube extending coaxially through said pipe for directing clear water into said receptacle; a yieldable b aflie carriedl tween the tube and the pipe to prevent said water from owing backwardly through the pipe, said bafile exing to allow ow of the solution outwardly through the pipe; and means to hold in place said tube and to support said baille, this means permitting dow of the solution ad- -jacently theinner wall of said pipe.

27. A dishwashing arrangement comprising: a receptacle for liquids and articles to be washed;a pipe extending into said receptacle; a means for cleaning glass discharged fro mthe tub; a cylinderV adapted to containa supply of the solution; a tirst uid line connected between the interior of said cylinder and said inlet of the tub; a second fluid line extending between said outlet of the tub and the interior of said cylinder, said second uid line including an annular stabile trough adaptable to fun# nel said solution owing from said outletof the rotatable tub to the interior of said cylinder, this also being stabile;

a piston slidable within said cylinder in a rst direction to force solution therefrom into said tub, and in the oppositev direction to provide space for receiving reusable washing solution discharged from said tub through said second uid linegvalve means in said outlet, said valve means being normally closed lto retain the solution 'within 'the tub but adapted to be opened to allow discharge of the solution through said outlet; and a check valve in said second line allowing ow of the solution from said trough into said cylinder but preventing back-dow of said solution into said trough.

25. A machine of the type referred to including: a tub revolvable in two directions; a cover for said tub; a carrier revolvable within said tub and coaxial therewith; a

contrarotary gear drive 'between said tub and carrier;-

a tubular vertical post supporting said tub and carrier; a

. standpipe extending through said post into said tub; nozzle tumblers; means for forcing washing solution through said pipe into the receptacle by way of said means for cleaning glass tumblers; a tube extending coaxially through said pipe for directing clear water into said receptacle; a yieldable balile carried by said tube and normally closing the annular space between the tube and the pipe to prevent said water from tlowing backwardly through the pipe,

said baie iiexing to allow ow of the solution outwardly through the pipe; and means to hold in place said tube and to support said baffle, this means permitting owof the solution adjacently the inner wall of said pipe, said means for cleaning glass tumblers comprising: a tension spring; a large tubular member provided with a turned-in shoulder; a small tubular member' for supporting said shoulder and the spring and for adaptation over the end of said pipe; an excretory cap encasing the spring and suitably closing an annular space provided around a portion of the spring by the large tubular member; excretory, collapsible means for surrounding the outer periphery of a glass that may be inserted over said capped spring; and means for spraying said outer periphery and adjacently thereof, said spraying means including an open hem on the rim of the large tubular member andsaid hem being provided with plural-direction apertures which are adaptable also to direct liquid apically over said cap.

28. A machine as defined in claim 27 in which said means for forcing washing solution includes a reservoir cleaning glass tumblers. y

29. A machine as defined in claim 27 and including a y music wire spring surrounding the coils of said tension f spring for making the latter expansive and adapt therefore to insert into glass tumblers of various size, said excretory cap being made of elastic material andincreased uid pressure within said cap causing further expansio of the saine. e I

30. A machine of the type referred to comprising a rotatable tub for containing liquids; a driving connection by which the tub may be rotated in veither direction; a

standpipe into the 'tub by way of .said nozzle means; a tube extending coaxially through',

17 spout fnnnected to the bottom of the tub; a normally closed valve in the spout for retaining the liquids within the tub; and control means for said valve operative in response to dual rotation of said tub for opening and closing said valve, said control means including an arm vertically pivoted adjacent said spout and carrying said valve on one end; a roller providedon the other end of said arm; a

cylindrical casing that encloses all the machinery parts below said tub', a circular track below which said roller normally may travel, said track being provided by said casing; a pair of switch plates pivotable on said track and forming a portion thereof to serve as ramp to cause said -roller to ride up on the track, in order to tilt said arm to pivot said valve open, and to ride down to travel below said track in order to cause the closing of said valve; spring means aiding the pivoting of said arm and tending to hold said roller of said arm below said track, thus to keep said valve closed; handle means carrying said switch plates from the outside of said casing and by which said charged from the tub; a uid-pressure-activated reservoir adapted to contain a supply of the solution; a iirst uid line connected between the interior of the reservoir and the inlet of the tub; a second iluid line extended between the outlet of the tub and the interior of the reservoir; means adaptable to provide space in the reservoir for receiving re-usable solution discharged from the tub through sfumata vthe second uid line; and a check valve in said second line allowing ow of the solution into the reservoir but preventing back flow therethrough of thesolution when the latter is being pressure-ejected through the rst uid line from the cylinder.

32. An arrangement for washing tableware comprising: a receptacle for liquids; a pipe n uid communication with liquid or liquids under pressure and extending into said receptacle; and a means for cleaning glass tumblers provided at, the end of said pipe, said means comprising: a tension spring; a large tubular member provided with a turned-in shoulder; a small tubular member for supporting said shoulder and the spring and for adaptation over the end of said pipe; an excretory cap encasing the spring and suitably closing an annular space proved around a portion of the spring by the large tubular member; excretory, collapsible means for surrounding the outer periphery of a glass that may be inserted over said capped spring; and means for spraying said outer periphery and adjacently thereof, said spraying meansincluding an open hem on the rim of the large tubular member and said hem being provided with plural-direction apertures which are adaptable also to direct liquid apically over said cap. t

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Clark Apr.,18, 1939 

